What is the primary distinction between white-box and black-box testing?

The primary distinction between white-box and black-box testing lies in the approach each method uses to evaluate the software. White-box testing is characterized by its focus on the internal code structure of the application. Testers have access to the internal logic, algorithms, and code, allowing them to create test cases based on the internal workings of the software. This means that testers can understand the paths through the code, potential edge cases, and how different components interact with each other. As a result, white-box testing can lead to more thorough and targeted testing, as it allows for examination of control flow and data flow within the application.

In contrast, black-box testing treats the software as a "black box," where the testers do not require knowledge of the internal code structure. They focus instead on the outputs generated in response to particular inputs, evaluating the functionality of the software from an end-user perspective. This means that black-box testing is more concerned with what the software does rather than how it works internally.

The other options do not accurately capture the essence of these testing methodologies. For example, the notion that black-box testing requires knowledge of internal workings is fundamentally incorrect, as this type of testing explicitly avoids delving into the internal structures. Additionally, while code execution speed